Tropical rainforest

The challenge is to determine changes in watershed coverage in the watersheds prioritized by the Venezuelan Ministry of Water over the past five years, using medium- and high-resolution satellite data to identify the areas of need for response to identified problems and minimize the risk to water reservoirs.

Hydrocarbon contamination of water bodies in the southern Nigeria appears as a sheen on the surface of water bodies. It appears due to the density difference between water and hydrocarbon. From hydro-geochemistry, I understand that these are light non-aqueous phase liquids (L-NAPLs). They are lighter than water, hence their ability to float. All hydrocarbons belong to this group. They are harmful to both humans and aquatic life. One of the consequences is wetland loss in the eastern part of Kogi state. I have noticed personally that most of the swampy lands (wetlands) in the eastern part of Kogi state are diminishing very quickly. These wetlands are an important part of the ecosystem as they create balance and purification in the ecosystem, and they serve as a means of buffer for catchments from flood hazards. SDG 6 states that there should be clean water and sanitation for all. Sadly, this is not the case for many in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria due to pollution from the supposed natural resource they have been blessed with. Consequences, if no action is taken include that inhabitants of the creeks will continue to drink and use hydrocarbon contaminated water which is detrimental to their health and total well-being. It will be beneficial to create a unique spectral signature to identify them easily.

Mangrove forest loss is a significant problem in the Caribbean region. Mangroves provide essential ecosystem services, including coastal protection, carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, and nurseries for fish. However, they face numerous threats, leading to their decline. One very significant function of mangrove forests with regard to water is their function as buffers against the effects of inland flooding due to terrestrial precipitation as well as against storm surges emanating from the ocean. The Caroni Swamp in Trinidad and Tobago contains the largest mangrove forest in the twin-island tropical country and it is a major wetland that protects against these effects.