Thermal Protection System (TPS)
The thermal protection system is part of a spacecraft's thermal subsystem and is tasked with protecting internal components from excessive heating due to interaction with the atmospheres of celestial bodies.
Sources
Pichon, T., R. Barreteau, P. Soyris, A. Foucault, J. M. Parenteau, Y. Prel, and S. C. M. C. Guedron. "CMC thermal protection system for future reusable launch vehicles: Generic shingle technological maturation and tests." Acta Astronautica65, no. 1-2 (2009): 165-176.