Monitoring artificial islands subsidence in north Jakarta using persistent and distributed scatterers InSAR analysis

The northernmost area in Jakarta is experiencing fast growing urbanization where the ground height is mostly lower than the sea level and threatened by a substantial land subsidence rate. This growth results in an increment of risk of urban flooding and threatens the increase of sea-level rise. Cost-effectiveness is crucial for monitoring this fast-changing subsidence to identify critical investigation and planning factors to mitigate this. Analyzing land deformation with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis using two main categories of backscatter: Persistent Scatterers (PS) and Distributed Scatterers (DS) is powerful to estimate the land subsidence with high-precision and high frequency with free-available Sentinel-1 satellite data, especially for reclaimed land. This paper demonstrates how using PS and DS InSAR technique is substantial for artificial islands in Jakarta's coastal area to monitor land deformation in 2020.